In 1998 Hanna GB et al showed that there were no advantages from use of 3D laparoscopic system. Although 3D technology was introduced in the early 1990s its equipment is still not diffused on territorial hospitals because of initial observations of side effects when using 3D vision systems, poor image resolution and more expensive procedures.
Three-dimensional (3D) HD cameras was created as an alternative to conventional 2D laparoscopy. The spatial depth information loss in two-dimensional vision system was compensated by surgeon experience and by the ability of human brain to interpret spatial depth. The development of high definition cameras and articulating instruments did not eliminate the major limitations of two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopy: the lack of depth perception and the lose of spatial orientation with potential increasing of surgical strain, risk of errors and operative time. This limitation can be challenging, especially with regard to maneuvers requiring precision and dexterity. Nevertheless, laparoscopic surgery is more difficult to learn and requires different psychomotor skills than open surgery: the surgeons work in a three-dimensional space, but are guided by two-dimensional images. We saw a large diffusion of laparoscopic surgery with more difficult and complex operations. In the last decades technological advances like high-definition (HD) cameras, dedicated instruments and articulating staplers, improved safety and feasibility of laparoscopic procedures.
Since it’s introduction, laparoscopic surgery represented a real revolution in clinical practice. The three-dimensional view allows advanced performance in particular conditions, such as small and deep spaces and promotes performing complex surgical laparoscopic procedures. This study aims to evaluate the actual benefits of the 3D laparoscopic system integrating it in clinical practice. Precisely for this reason the studies in literature are few and mainly limited to the evaluation of the surgical skills to the simulator. The use of 3D laparoscopic technology is an extraordinary innovation in clinical practice, but the instrumentation is still not widespread. The analysis of all the groups of diseases shows that the laparoscopic procedures performed with 3D technology have a shorter mean operative time than comparable 2D procedures when we consider surgery that require complex tasks. Considerating specific surgical procedures there is no significant difference in term of age and gender. This 3D-group was compared to a retrospective-prospective control group of patients who underwent the same surgical procedures. We considered 163 patients underwent to laparoscopic three-dimensional (3D) HD surgery for various indications. Between 20 a prospective cohort study was conducted at the University Hospital of Palermo.
In this study we report our clinical experience with use of three-dimensional (3D) HD vision system for laparoscopic surgery. The use of a new generation three-dimensional (3D) HD laparoscopic system can be considered a favorable “hybrid” made by combining two different elements: feasibility and diffusion of laparoscopy and improved quality of vision. Received: JanuAccepted: FebruPublished: April 03, 2018
Antonino Agrusa 1, Giuseppe Di Buono 1, Salvatore Buscemi 1, Gaspare Cucinella 2, Giorgio Romano 1 and Gaspare Gulotta 1ġDepartment of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyĢDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Palermo, Palermo, ItalyĪntonino Agrusa, email: 3D laparoscopy 2D laparoscopy laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic abdominal surgery three-dimensional vision
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